ユーザーホームフォルダ

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2019年3月2日 (土) 11:52時点におけるMeisina04 (トーク | 投稿記録)による版 (→‎Introduction)

はじめに

ホームフォルダには個々のアカウントのファイルが含まれています。Sambaを使用すると、ネットワークユーザーが自分のファイルをファイルサーバー上の自分のホームフォルダーに保存できるようにディレクトリを共有できます。

このドキュメントでは、\\server\user_name\パスを使用して、ユーザーのホームディレクトリを動的に共有する、Sambaのビルトインの[homes]セクションを使用しません。これは特定のシナリオでは役に立ちますが、いくつかの欠点があります。

  • Windows does not support this feature, and certain settings, such as folder redirection in an Active Directory (AD), require a workaround instead and you cannot use the official solution.
  • You must create each new user's home directory manually.
  • The [homes] feature is not supported running on a Samba Active Directory (AD) domain controller (DC).

In the following, the directory containing the home folders are shared using the users share name. Each user's home directory is created as a subdirectory on the \\server\users\ share, such as, \\server\users\user_name. This is the same format used in a Microsoft Windows environment and requires no additional work to set up.

Setting up the Share on the Samba File Server

Using Windows ACLs

Setting extended access control lists (ACL) on the share that hosts home directories enables you to create new users in the Active Directory Users and Computers application without manually creating the user's home folder and setting permissions.

To create a share, for example, users for hosting the user home folders on a Samba file server:

  • Share permissions:
Principal Access
Domain Users Change
Domain Admins Full Control
  • File system permissions on the root of the users share:
Principal Access Applies to
Domain Users* Read & execute This folder only
CREATOR OWNER Full control Subfolders and files only
Domain Admins Full control This folder, subfolders and files
* You can alternatively set other groups, to enable the group members to store their user profile on the share. When using different groups, apply the permissions as displayed for Domain Users in the previous example.
Verify that permission inheritance is disabled on the root of the share. If any permission entry in the Advanced Security Settings window displays a path in the Inherited from column, click the Disable inheritance button. On Windows 7, unselect the Include inheritable permissions from this object's parent check box to set the same setting.
On a Samba share, you can omit the SYSTEM account in the file system ACLs. For details, see The SYSTEM Account.

These settings enable members of the Domain Admins group to set the user home folder in the Active Directory Users and Computers application, that automatically creates the home folder and sets the correct permissions.


Using POSIX ACLs

Instead of using Windows access control lists (ACL), you can set up a share using POSIX ACLs on your Samba server. However, when using POSIX ACL to set permissions, you must create the home directory for each new user manually and set permissions.

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For example, to create the users share:

  • Add the following share configuration section to your smb.conf file:
 [users]
         path = /srv/samba/users/
         read only = no
         force create mode = 0600
         force directory mode = 0700
For details about the parameters used, see the descriptions in the smb.conf(5) man page.
Do not use homes as name of the share. For further details, see Introduction.
  • Create the directory and set the correct permissions:
# mkdir -p /srv/samba/users/
# chgrp -R "Domain Users" /srv/samba/users/
# chmod 2750 /srv/samba/users/
In a domain, the Domain Users group is a group, all domain user accounts are member of. Alternatively, or if you are running a non-domain environment, you can set it to any group that exists locally. However, user accounts must be member of this group to access the share.
  • Reload Samba:
# smbcontrol all reload-config



Creating the Home Folder for a New User

Using Windows ACLs

If you are using the Active Directory Users and Computers application, the user's home directory is automatically created and the correct permissions applied when you set the path to the user folder in the application. If you are not using Active Directory Users and Computers, you must create the folder manually and set the correct permissions. For example:

  • Log in to a Windows machine using an account that has permissions to create new folders on the \\server\users\ share.
  • Navigate to the \\server\users\ share.
  • Create a new home folder for the user.
  • Add the user to the access control list (ACL) of the folder and grant Full control to the user. For details, see Setting ACLs on a Folder.


Using POSIX ACLs

When you set up the users share using POSIX access control lists (ACL), you must create the home folder for each new user manually. To create the home folder for the demo user:

  • Create the directory:
# mkdir /srv/samba/users/demo/
  • Set the following permissions to only enable the demo user to access the directory:
# chown user_name /srv/samba/users/demo/
# chmod 700 /srv/samba/users/demo/



Assigning a Home Folder to a User

In an Active Directory

Using Active Directory Users and Computers

In an Active Directory, you can use the Active Directory Users and Computers Windows application to set the path to the user home folder and the assigned drive letter. If you do not have the Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT) installed, see Installing RSAT.

To assign the \\server\users\demo\ path as home folder to the demo account:

  • Log in to a computer using an account that is able to edit user accounts.
  • Open the Active Directory Users and Computers application.
  • Navigate to the directory container that contains the demo account.
  • Right-click to the demo user account and select Properties.
  • Select the Profile tab.
  • Select Connect, the drive letter Windows assigns the mapped home folder to, and enter the path to the home folder into the To field.
.
  • Click OK.

If a warning is displayed when saving the settings that the home folder was not created:


Using a Group Policy Preference

Using group policy preferences, you can assign settings to organizational units (OU) or to a domain. This enables you, for example, to automatically assign home folder paths to all users in the OU or domain. If you move the account to a different OU or domain, the setting is removed or updated. Using this way, you do not have to assign manually the setting to each user account.

To create a group policy object (GPO) for the domain that automatically assigns the \\server\users\user_name path as home folder to each user:

  • Log in to a computer using an account that is allowed you to edit group policies, such as the AD domain Administrator account.
  • Open the Group Policy Management Console. If you are not having the Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT) installed on this computer, see Installing RSAT.
  • Right-click to your AD domain and select Create a GPO in this domain, and Link it here.
  • Enter a name for the GPO, such as Home folders on server. The new GPO is shown below the domain entry.
  • Right-click to the newly-created GPO and select Edit to open the Group Policy Management Editor.
  • Navigate to the User Configuration → Preferences → Windows Settings → Drive Maps entry.
  • Right-click to the Drive Maps entry and select New → Mapped Drive.
  • Set the following:
  • On the General tab:
  • Action: Create
  • Location: \\server\users\%LogonUser%
Windows automatically replaces the %LogonUser% variable when a user logs in
  • Select Reconnect
  • Label: Enter a string. For example: Home
  • Use: Select a drive letter the home folder is mapped to.
  • On the Common tab:
  • Select Run in logged-on user's security context (user policy option)
  • Click OK.
  • Close the Group Policy Management Editor. The GPOs are automatically saved on the Sysvol share on the domain controller (DC).
  • Close the Group Policy Management Console.

The policy is applied to users in the OU or domain, the policy is assigned to, during the next log in.


Using ldbedit on a Domain Controller

On a domain controller (DC), for example, to assign the \\server\users\demo path as home folder to the demo account and set the assigned drive letter to H:

  • Edit the demouser account:
# ldbedit -H /usr/local/samba/private/sam.ldb 'sAMAccountName=demo'
  • The accounts attributes are displayed in an editor. Append the following attributes and values to the end of the list:
homeDrive: H:
homeDirectory: \\server\users\demo\
  • Save the changes.

The setting is applied the next time the user logs in.


In an NT4 Domain

In an Samba NT4 domain, to set \\server\users\%U as path to the home folder and to map the drive to the H: drive letter:

  • Add the following parameters to the [global] section in your smb.conf file:
logon drive = H:
logon home = \\server\users\%U
During logging in to the domain member, Samba automatically replaces the %U variable with the session user name. For further details, see the Variable Substitutions section in the smb.conf(5) man page.
  • Reload Samba:
# smbcontrol all reload-config


In a Non-domain Environment

Using a Windows Professional or Higher Edition

If your Samba server and clients are not part of a domain, set the user home folder mapping in the local user account's properties:

  • Log on to the Windows machine using an account that is member of the local Administrators group.
  • Open the lusrmgr.msc (Local User and Groups) application.
The lusrmgr.msc application is not available in Windows Home editions.
  • Click Users in the navigation on the left side.
  • Right-click the account you want to assign a home folder to, and select Properties
  • Navigate to the Profile tab.
  • Select Connect, the drive letter Windows assigns the mapped home folder to, and enter the path to the home folder into the To field.
  • Click OK.

You must set the mapping for each user on every Windows client manually.


Using Windows Home Edition

Windows Home editions do not provide the necessary application to set the user home folder mapping in the local account properties. Instead each user must map the drive manually:

  • Log on to the Windows machine as the user that should get the home folder mapped
  • Open a command prompt.
  • For example, to map the \\server\users\demo\ folder to the H: drive letter, enter:
> net use H: \\server\users\demo\ /persistent:yes

The user home folder is automatically connected when the user logs in. To stop the automatic mapping, disconnect the drive. For example: 

> net use H: /delete



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